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Deliverable 1.6: Draft roadmap and reference offshore grid expansion plan

Deliverable 1.6 develops a draft offshore grid expansion roadmap for the evacuation of offshore wind energy from the North Sea during the decade 2020-2030. It also studies the economic viability of HVDC offshore meshed grids by comparing their costs and benefits with radial point-to-point connections of offshore wind farms. Critical factors potentially impacting the business case of such grids are emphasized. This draft roadmap will be enriched in WP12 to build a comprehensive Deployment Plan.

This report develops a draft offshore grid expansion roadmap for the evacuation of offshore wind energy from the North Sea during the decade 2020-2030. For that purpose, the grid structure is optimized from an economic angle and analysed over the course of the decade, such that all the anticipated offshore wind power capacity can be evacuated, taking into account the development pace of offshore wind farms. Two scenarios are compared. In the first case, only individual and radial connections of offshore wind farms are allowed. In the second case, the coordinated development of connections of offshore wind farms within radial multi-terminal and meshed HVDC grid structures is envisaged. The economic viability of these coordinated connections is then studied by comparing the costs and the benefits of the two cases. This preliminary analysis shows that the costs and technical capabilities of HVDC circuit breakers and HVDC converters (in particular DRU, Diode Rectifier Units) will drastically impact the business case of coordinated solutions such as meshed grids. It can also be inferred from the analysis that the limitations of the onshore grid regarding hosting capacity could strongly impact the grid topology: it might be cost-effective to extend the HVDC grid up to load areas, instead of connecting offshore wind farms to the closest onshore connection point. Finally, there are a number of uncertainties about the way the grid will be operated (e.g. security rules, market rules). The business case of a meshed offshore grid could also be strongly impacted by the operational constraints. The proposed approach will be enriched and further developed in PROMOTioN’s Work Package 12 to build a comprehensive Deployment Plan.